god is a Gas
The self-ionization of water (also autoionization of water, autoprotolysis of water, autodissociation of water, or simply dissociation of water) is an ionization reaction in pure water or in an aqueous solution, in which a water molecule, H2O, deprotonates
In 1923 Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted and Martin Lowry proposed
that the self-ionization of water actually involves two water molecules:
By this time the electron and the nucleus had been discovered and Rutherford had shown that a nucleus is very much smaller than an atom. This would include a "bare ion" which would correspond to a proton with zero electrons.
Brønsted and Lowry proposed that this ion does not exist "free in solution".
Let that sink in...::.
The Proton always attaches itself to a solvent~
always made of "a water" molecule
to form the hydronium ion (or other protonated solvent)
The universe is made of water as evidenced by the two
of the three
components most frequently found around
Oxygen and Hydrogen
Later spectroscopic evidence has shown that many protons are actually hydrated by more than one water molecule. This is in other chemical pits of nonsense called saponification
Saponification is the chemical process of making soap by reacting a fat or oil with a strong base, typically sodium hydroxide (lye). This reaction breaks down the ester bonds in the fat or oil, releasing glycerol and soap molecules. The resulting soap is a salt of a fatty acid, which has a polar head and a non-polar tail, enabling it to dissolve both oils/grease and water, making it effective for cleaning.
Loose Protons then cause motion
by giving Atomic collections
the appearance of liquidity that is
the essence of flowing water
- pH measures hydrogen ion concentration: A pH of 9.5 indicates a basic (alkaline) solution, meaning it has a lower concentration of positively charged hydrogen ions (H+) and a higher concentration of negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH-) compared to a neutral solution (pH 7).
- Aqueous solutions can bear a net charge: Studies indicate that aqueous solutions with high pH values (basic solutions) tend to be negatively charged, while solutions with low pH values (acidic solutions) tend to be positively charged. This implies that a solution with a pH of 9.5 would have a net negative charge.
- Ions are "trapped" during freezing: When water freezes, a phenomenon known as "ion trapping" occurs. This means that dissolved ions, including those responsible for the solution's pH and electrical properties, are preferentially excluded from the growing ice crystals and become concentrated in the remaining liquid portion.
- Ion concentration in ice is reduced: This effectively means the concentration of ions (like H+ and OH-) within the frozen ice will be lower than in the original liquid water.
- Electrical conductivity depends on ion mobility: Electrical conductivity in water and ice relies on the movement of charged ions. In liquid water, these ions can move relatively freely. In ice, however, the ions are more locked into the crystal lattice, hindering their movement and significantly reducing the conductivity of the ice compared to the liquid water.
- Change in "charge" due to altered ion distribution: Because the ions are redistributed during freezing, the frozen ice will have a lower concentration of the ions that determine the pH (H+ and OH-) compared to the original liquid water. This could be seen as the ice having a reduced net negative charge compared to the liquid water, as fewer charge-carrying ions are present and mobile within the frozen structure.
- Liquid Water: Has a net negative charge due to the excess hydroxide ions (OH-) associated with a pH of 9.5.
- Ice: Will have a reduced concentration of ions, including hydroxide ions, because many of them are excluded during the freezing process. This reduction in ion concentration can be interpreted as a shift towards a less negative (or potentially closer to neutral) "charge" compared to the initial liquid water. The ice will also be a significantly poorer conductor of electricity compared to the liquid water due to the reduced mobility of ions in the solid state.
The most descriptive notation for the hydrated ion is , where aq (for aqueous) indicates an indefinite or variable number of water molecules. However the notations and are still also used extensively because of their historical importance. This article mostly represents the hydrated proton as , corresponding to hydration by a single water molecule.






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If you have something nice to say Say something nicely As in the nicest possibly way 道 doth One Can fan and not be named as the Tau of the 道 walks thus ly 教
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